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A N- Tier Architecture Sample with ASP. NET MVC3, WCF, and Entity Framework. This article tries to introduce a decoupled, unit- testable, deployment- flexible, implementation- efficient and validation- flexible N- Tier architecture in .
NETContents Overview N- Tier software architecture can solve the following client/server system issues: scalability, security, fault tolerance and etc. In our previous article . In this article, we try to elaborate a N- Tier architecture sample with ASP. NET MVC3, WCF and Entity Framework. In Java, usually there is a pre- defined way to achieve the N- Tier architecture: J2. EE architecture, which uses session bean over entity bean for business and persistence layer, Java bean, servlet or JSP for the client presenter layer, Java Swing, HTML or applet as the client side. Therefore, for J2.
Release history; Date Version; 10 December 2007: ASP.NET MVC CTP: 13 March 2009: ASP.NET MVC 1.0: 16 December 2009: ASP.NET MVC 2 RC: 4 February 2010: ASP.NET MVC 2 RC 2: 10 March 2010: ASP.NET MVC 2: 6 October 2010: ASP.NET. The ASP.NET MVC Framework is an open source web application framework and tooling that implements a version of the model-view-controller (MVC) pattern tailored towards web applications and built upon an ASP.NET technology.
EE, different application are very likely implemented in very similar ways. However, in . NET, even though there are many tools and features available, there isn’t any pre- defined way as J2. EE does to guard how to implement the N- Tier architecture. As a result, there are too many inconsistent and existing ways to do this. Some are good; some are bad.
This article tries to introduce a decoupled, unit- testable, deployment- flexible, implementation- efficient and validation- flexible N- Tier architecture in . NET. What we achieved here is to put some well- known nice tools and features in . NET together and come up with a workable solution.
Because there is too much to cover in one article, we will mainly concentrate on business and persistence layers of N- Tier architecture in our sample solution, but will still briefly touch other layers too. In order to understand better this article, we suggest you to read first our previous article on the basics of N- Tier architecture here. As our previous article, this article is also based on the assumption that a team has a full control over all layers of the N- Tier architecture.
Following steps are needed before you build and run this project. Install the database Northwind in SQL server; I used SQL server expression 2. R2; other version should be fine too. Open the script file \GH.
Tier. Demo\instnwnd. Sql server management Studio, then execute it. Northwind. Entities database connection.
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String in the config files of three application projects GH. Northwind. Web, GH. Northwind. Business. Host and GH. Northwind. Entity. Framework. Host with your own sql server name. If the combination result of parameters .
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Also we can launch the wcf data service project GH. Northwind. Entity. Framework. Host locally by the similar way; see table 2 later for some possible combination results. Currently, we only implement CRUD operations for entity Product in the ASP.
NET MVC3. The database Northwind used in this sample is the Microsoft famous public database, which originally comes with every Microsoft Access database and some old SQL servers. The code is just for the purpose to explain the overall architecture only, so it is very primitive and far away from completion. If you want to use the code in your project, you need to enrich and modify it to meet your own need. Also, the code hasn’t been unit- tested yet, feel free to correct any error that you meet. For example, practically, you may only need to implement one type of persistence layer if your business will be for sure to stick to one type persistence technique only, either Data.
Getting Started with ASP.NET MVC 5 (11 Tutorials) Introduction to ASP.NET MVC 5. Introduction to ASP.NET MVC. This free 8 hour course for absolute beginners starts with the basics and slowly builds up to. Advanced ASP.NET Latest; Architecture Discuss and debate ASP.NET application designs. Re: Cetain pages loading sl.
Service. Context, Object. Context or Db. Context. In our sample demo project, we implement all of Data. Service. Context, Object. Context and Db. Context to explain that we can switch the persistence techniques easily without the need to modify the business layer. Another example, if you don’t want library GH.
Northwind. Business to be deployed in the same web server computer as client presenter layer for security, you can remove its reference and code from project GH. Northwind. Client.
Common. In this way, you are for sure that you can always deploy client presenter layer and business layer in separate machines for security. In our sample project, we try to explain our deployment flexibility by allowing the business layer to be able to deploy in the same computer as client presenter layer; this deployment also exists in many practical cases. In addition, the CRUD operations in the sample project is very primitive with basic features, you can enrich them with some advanced features, such as many- to- many relationship and many- to- one relationship handling and etc. We summary all layers as below. Client layer: this layer is involved with users directly.
There may be several different types of clients coexisting, such as WPF, Window Form, HTML web page and etc. Client presenter layer: contains the presentation logic needed by clients, such as ASP .
NET MVC in IIS web server. Also it adapters different clients to the business layer. There are three components drawn in this layer: common lib, ASP . NET, WPF client lib. Common lib holds reusable common code for all types of clients. ASP . NET lib and WPF client lib are libraries individually for web client and WPF client.
If there is a new type of client added, we may need to add additional lib to support the new type client only, such as Windows Form client. Business layer: handles and encapsulates all of business domains and logic; also called domain layer. There are two components in this layer: WCF lib and WCF host application; all business logic and implementation are in WCF lib; WCF host application only deal with the WCF deployment. In a 2- tier architecture configuration, client presenter layer will call the WCF lib directly; whereas, in a complete N- Tier architecture configuration, client presenter layer will call the WCF host application directly. The business interface in this layer is usually a business oriented facade layer which exposes the business operations to the clients at the degree just to meet the client’s need. Therefore, it also acts as a layer of proxy to the client side to protect the business domain and logic. Client sides usually see the business layer as a black box: send a request to the business layer, then the request gets done and responded; the client sides usually don't know how their requests are fulfilled.
Persistence layer: handles the read/write of the business data to the data layer, also called data access layer (DAL). There are three components in this layer: Entity Framework lib, persistence lib and optional WCF data service. Persistence lib is a generic library to facilitate and simplify the usage of Entity Framework or other persistence technique in business layer; it also decouples the business layer from Entity Framework. Business layer will call directly the persistence library other than Entity framework. Depending on the application configuration, the persistence lib will then either call Entity Framework lib directly or call directly the WCF data service which is created on the top of the Entity Framework lib. If the database is serving as a data center for a variety of different types of applications, WCF data service will be a good choice; otherwise, we may need to avoid WCF data service to gain performance.
Database server is the most popular nowaday. We list three modern databases in Diagram 2 for selection. Different tier architectures can be switched easily simply by updating two. We achieve this by separating WCF implementation from WCF Host into different projects, and also by the non- proxy way of the client side to access WCF services. To use them in the whole application, we auto- generate and maintain only one version of entity classes with the T4 template in a lightweight library project GH. Northwind. Business.
Entities other than the original Entity Framework project so that we can regenerate and reuse everywhere these auto- generated entity classes from a lightweight library other than a place cluttered with the heavyweight Entity Framework stuff. Doing so helps us to achieve the maximum decoupling between business layer and persistence layer and allows us to swap the persistence technologies easily without any side effect on the business layer. Also, it facilitates and simplifies the usages of Entity Framework in business layer.
The sample application demonstrates that we can swap the persistence technologies between WCF data service and Db. Context (or: Object. Context) easily by just updating the value of bool parameter .
For data validation in our sample application, we use the auto- generated metadata classes for the simple validation for individual properties and interface IValidatable. Object for class- level validation crossing multiple properties. Currently, we put all validation logic in one place: project GH. Northwind. Business. Entities so that we only need to implement and maintain one version of validation logic.
If somehow for security reason in certain cases, we can move all validation logic into its own library project. All layers share this version of validation logic. We can call these validations easily in many layers, based on our practical needs. Currently, we call these validations in the html webpage client layer and the ASP .
NET MVC3 client presenter layer. Also, the Fault. Exception can be sent to the client side to help debugging. Try to auto- generate code as much as possible: all entity classes with wcf tags and metadata classes with annotation tags are automatically generated by code generators. We even auto- generate the draft version of the business interface by domain service class wizard.
We use the non- proxy way in client side to access WCF service and WCF data service. Doing so can allow us to use data contracts (mainly the auto- generated entity classes) and service interfaces from the shared common libraries, which are also used by WCF service.
Scott. Gu's Blog - ASP. NET MVC 2: Model Validation. Follow me at: twitter. ASP. NET MVC 2’s validation features are designed to make it easy to plug- in any type of validation architecture – while still taking advantage of the new ASP. NET MVC 2 validation infrastructure (including client- side validation, model binding validation, etc). This means that enabling validation is really easy for common application scenarios, while at the same time still remaining very flexible for more advanced ones. Enabling Validation with ASP.
NET MVC 2 and Data. Annotations. Let’s walkthrough a simple CRUD scenario with ASP.
NET MVC 2 that takes advantage of the new built- in Data. Annotation validation support. Alternatively you can define them within resource files and optionally localize them depending on the language/culture of the incoming user. To understand this behavior, let’s look at the Create action method that handles the POST scenario for our form: When our HTML form is posted back to the server, the above method will be called.
If there are any validation errors on the Person object, though, our action method redisplays the form with the invalid Person. This means that users will get immediate validation errors when they tab out of an input element that is invalid. To see the client- side Java. Script support in action for our friends application, let’s rerun the application and fill in the first three textboxes with legal values – and then try and click “Create”. For example, to help clean up the code within our Person class we might want to create a new .
Step 5: Persisting to a Database. Let’s now implement the logic necessary to save our friends to a database. Object relational mapping (ORM) solutions like NHibernate support this POCO / PI style of mapping today very well.
If our Person object was mapped to a database in this way then we wouldn’t need to make any changes to our Person class or to any of our validation rules – it would continue to work just fine. But what if we are using a graphical tool for our ORM mappings? Many developers using Visual Studio today don’t write their own ORM mapping/persistence logic – and instead use the built- in designers within Visual Studio to help manage this. One question that often comes up when using Data. Annotations (or any other form of attribute based validation) is “how do you apply them when the model object you are working with is created/maintained by a GUI designer”.
Last Step – Saving the Friend to the Database. Our last step – regardless of whether we use a POCO or tool- generated Person class – will be to save our valid friends into the database. Doing that simply requires us to replace the “Todo” placeholder statement within our Friends. Controller class with 3 lines of code that saves the new friend to a database.
It promotes a model- based validation approach that enables you to keep your applications very DRY, and helps ensure that validation rules are enforced consistently throughout an application.